Which theory focuses on free will, self-determination, and the search for meaning, often centering on the person rather than symptoms?

• A. Humanistic Theory
• B. Existential Theory
• C. Cognitive Theory
• D. Reality/Choice Theory

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that some counseling approaches emphasize the person as a whole, granting free will and self-determination, with therapy aimed at growth and meaning rather than just eliminating symptoms. The humanistic approach fits this best because it centers on the client’s subjective experience and believes people have an inherent drive toward self-actualization and authentic living. Therapy under this view focuses on supporting autonomy, personal values, and meaningful choices within a caring, nonjudgmental relationship, helping individuals expand their sense of self and potential. While existential theory also grapples with freedom and meaning, humanistic theory more consistently foregrounds the person’s growth and self-directed change in the therapeutic process. Cognitive theory concentrates on changing thoughts and beliefs, and reality/choice theory emphasizes present decisions and behavior, making them less aligned with the emphasis on holistic person-centered growth.