Which theory emphasizes the study of the whole person, empathy, and improving an individual's self-image or self-actualization?

• A. Adlerian Theory
• B. Humanistic Theory
• C. Existential Theory
• D. Behaviorism Theory

Answer: (A)

Focusing on the whole person, empathy, and helping an individual improve self-image and move toward self-actualization points to Humanistic Theory. This approach, associated with figures like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, centers on the client's subjective experience and growth. It emphasizes a client-centered relationship, unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence, aiming to support authentic self-discovery and realizing one’s full potential.

Adlerian theory also looks at the whole person, but it emphasizes social context, lifestyle, and goals shaped by early experiences and birth order, rather than the universal aim of self-actualization. Existential theory deals with meaning, freedom, choice, and responsibility, focusing on how individuals confront existence itself rather than specifically fostering self-image. Behaviorism concentrates on observable behaviors and learning through conditioning, with little emphasis on inner growth or self-actualization.