Which term describes the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population for study?

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Sampling
• C. Descriptive Statistics
• D. Research

Answer: (B)

Selecting a subset of individuals from a population for study is sampling. The idea is to study a smaller, manageable group so we can learn about the whole population without surveying everyone. A well-chosen sample that represents the population allows us to estimate population characteristics (parameters) and test ideas about relationships between variables using the data we collect.

Hypothesis is a testable statement about relationships or effects that researchers seek to support or refute with data. Descriptive statistics are the numerical summaries that describe the sample data, such as averages and frequencies. Research is the broad process of systematic investigation to answer questions.