Which model introduces Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional personality types for career matching?

• A. John Krumboltz
• B. John Holland
• C. Frank Parsons
• D. B.F. Skinner

Answer: (B)

Six distinct personality types—Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional—form a framework for matching people with careers. This system was developed by John Holland, who argued that people are most satisfied and successful when their work environment aligns with their dominant interests and abilities. Realistic types prefer practical, hands-on tasks; Investigative types like analysis and problem solving; Artistic types pursue creative expression; Social types enjoy helping and communicating with others; Enterprising types are drawn to leadership and persuasion; Conventional types favor structure and detail. Holland’s model underpins many career assessments and counseling approaches, guiding individuals toward occupations and work cultures that fit their profiles. Other figures listed are associated with different theories of career development—Parsons helped lay the early groundwork; Krumboltz emphasized learning and cognitive factors in career choice; Skinner is known for behaviorist psychology rather than career typing.