Which framework asserts that behavior is driven by basic needs such as survival, love and belonging, freedom, and power?

• A. Carl Rogers
• B. Sigmund Freud
• C. Viktor Frankl
• D. William Glasser

Answer: (D)

Behavior is driven by basic needs, according to William Glasser's Choice Theory. Glasser argues that every action is chosen to satisfy five innate needs: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun. The items in this question line up with four of those needs—survival, love/belonging, freedom, and power—showing how behavior serves the goal of meeting these core motivations. This framework stands apart from others by emphasizing that people actively choose behaviors to fulfill internal needs rather than being driven solely by unconscious drives or external rewards. For example, a person might work hard to feel competent and in control (power), seek relationships to feel connected (love and belonging), or seek autonomy in making choices (freedom), all as ways to satisfy these fundamental needs. The missing fifth need, fun, is the element that also often motivates behavior but isn’t listed here.