Which component covers direct vs indirect student services and individual planning?

• A. Foundation
• B. Management
• C. Delivery
• D. Accountability

Answer: (C)

Delivery is where the actual school counseling work happens, putting the program into action by handling both direct and indirect services and guiding individual planning. Direct services are the face-to-face work with students—counseling sessions, small group work, and classroom guidance. Indirect services involve activities that support students without meeting them individually, such as collaborating with teachers, consulting with families, and coordinating referrals to additional resources. Individual planning refers to developing and monitoring tailored academic, career, and social-emotional plans for each student. The other components set up the framework (Foundation establishes beliefs and goals, Management covers systems and procedures, Accountability tracks outcomes) but the day-to-day execution of services and personalized planning sits in Delivery.