The psychoanalytic method that emphasizes dialogue between patient and analyst and includes free association and the unconscious structures id, ego, and superego was developed by which psychologist?

• A. Carl Jung
• B. Sigmund Freud
• C. Erik Erikson
• D. Viktor Frankl

Answer: (B)

This approach centers on a dialogue between patient and analyst, where the patient is invited to talk freely about thoughts, memories, and feelings to uncover unconscious material through free association. It also uses a structural theory of the psyche—id, ego, and superego—to explain how impulses, reality, and morality interact. These elements together define classical psychoanalysis, which was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud introduced the talking cure and dream analysis as key methods for bringing unconscious content into conscious awareness.

The other figures mentioned differ in focus: Jung emphasized the collective unconscious and archetypes, Erikson framed development around psychosocial stages, and Frankl developed logotherapy centered on meaning. The combination of dialogic method, free association, and the id–ego–superego structure is distinctive of Freud’s work, making him the correct attribution.